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URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://bibliotecadigital.tse.jus.br/handle/bdtse/10292
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Artigo Online campaign finance regulation in Brazil : turning points and limitations(International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2024) Grassi, Amaro; Tribunal Superior EleitoralArtigo El modelo de financiación pública de campañas electorales en Brasil : errores y aciertos(2022) Santano, Ana Claudia; Tribunal Superior EleitoralLa financiación pública de campañas es un tema de incipiente normatividad en Brasil, cuya evaluación es necesaria luego de tres procesos electorales realizados bajo este nuevo sistema. Con la entrada de ingentes recursos públicos en la política, se observan nuevas dinámicas con potenciales resultados problemáticos que requieren de una mayor exploración empírica. Para ello, este trabajo evalúa los resultados del Fondo Especial de Financiación de Campañas (Fefc) aprobado en 2017, comparando sus objetivos con los datos disponibles, a fin de verificar si, de hecho, se concretaron las finalidades legislativas. Así, este artículo describe la aprobación del Fefc, sus criterios de acceso y reparto de fondos, los partidos beneficiados, entre otros aspectos. Luego, se exponen datos referidos a los efectos observados, relativos al peso de los recursos públicos en las arcas partidistas, la distribución de los fondos entre partidos y dentro de estos, su impacto en el éxito electoral. Se concluye que ninguno de los puntos utilizados para la aprobación del Fefc son acordes con los datos recogidos, lo que obliga a un replanteamiento sustancial del modelo.Outro Campaign spending and poverty levels in Brazil : an exploratory approach(2011) Figueiredo Filho, Dalson Britto; Santos, Manoel; Silva Júnior, José Alexandre; Rocha, Enivaldo; Tribunal Superior EleitoralIs there campaign spending efficiency higher in poorer states? This paper estimates the effects of campaign spending on Brazilian electoral outcomes by testing the hypothesis that candidate spending efficiency is positive correlated with poverty levels. The model uses individual level data of the 2006 House of Representatives national elections. The preliminary results suggest that: (1) campaign spending exerts a positive effect on votes; (2) Not elected candidates show a pattern of higher marginal returns of each extra dollar spent in their political campaigns compared to elected ones; (3) this pattern is consistent across states and poverty levels; (4) there is no evidence that poverty levels are positive correlated with candidate spending efficiency.Outro Campaign finance in comparative perspective : a nested analysis approach(2012) Figueiredo Filho, Dalson Britto; Melo, Natália Maria Leitão de; Rocha, Enivaldo Carvalho da; Silva Junior, José Alexandre da; Tribunal Superior EleitoralIt analyzes campaign finance in a comparative perspective, giving special attention to Brazil and the Unites States. The focus regards the level of regulation on the sources of campaign contributions. Methodologically, the research design adopts a nested approach, combining descriptive and multivariate statistics with deep case studies and documental analysis. Additionally, we replicate data from the Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) to estimate a standardized measure of regulation. The results suggest that most countries show low levels of control over the sources of campaign contributions. However, both Brazil and the United States display high levels of regulation on campaign finance, despite their widely different institutional designs.Outro People against the elite? Jair Bolsonaro's presidential campaign(2018) Chueri, Juliana; Tribunal Superior EleitoralIt aims to identify and characterize the populist rhetoric of Jair Bolsonaro, candidate for the Brazilian presidency in the October 2018 election. Applying the methodology proposed by Rooduijn and Pauwels (2011), I analyze the candidate's personal tweets from 5 May 2018 to 5 September 2018. The conclusion is that populism is an important element of Bolsonaro's rhetoric. First, he attacks political elites, accuses them of corruption, and blames them for the economic and political crises. Second, he appeals to the Brazilian people and claims to be the only candidate who will govern in their interest. Nevertheless, the construction of 'us', 'the people' is drawn in an exclusionary manner: he denies the existence of class, race, and gender conflicts; opposes minority rights; and does not present initiatives for social inclusion. Therefore, Bolsonaro detaches from Latin American inclusionary populism and shows similarities to Western European exclusionary populism. This fact is also illustrated by the radical aspect of his rhetoric: law and order are highly salient in his discourse, the second most frequent topic of his tweets. Finally, Bolsonaro embraces the free market economy, but as with other populist politicians, distributive issues have very limited space in his discourse.Artigo Political communication, television advertising and elections in Brazil : a longitudinal analysis of two major parties' use of free electoral advertising time(2021) Massuchin, Michele Goulart; Cavassana, Fernanda; Cervi, Emerson Urizzi; Tribunal Superior EleitoralA longitudinal analysis of the use of televised electoral advertising by the two political parties that have been the central actors in presidential elections in post-democratization Brazil: the Workers' Party (hereinafter referred to using the Portuguese acronym the 'PT') and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (hereinafter referred to using the Portuguese acronym the 'PSDB'). The objective is to identify patterns and changes in Brazilian electoral advertising between 2002 and 2018 with reference to Brazil's system of free electoral advertising time (hereinafter referred to using the Portuguese acronym 'HGPE'), more of which has been allocated to these two parties than to any other. Despite the increasing use of other forms of electoral campaigning, HGPE is central to presidential contests and demarcates political time and parties' agendas. It is therefore relevant to understand how use of this campaign component has been developed over time, taking into account two factors: messages and strategies. The quantitative content analysis considers 90 days of PT and PSDB block format advertising during the first rounds of five election contests. The results reveal that changes in messaging tend to be decided on by the parties (with the PT emphasizing public policies and the PSDB emphasizing image building) whereas the strategies employed depend on the context of each election and are less specific to either party.Artigo How important is Twitter to local elections in Brazil? A case study of Fortaleza city council(2016) Marques, Francisco Paulo Jamil; Mont'Alverne, Camila; Tribunal Superior EleitoralIt analyzes 27 Twitter accounts managed by Fortaleza's city councilors who ran for reelection in October 2012. The study aimed to discover the importance of Twitter in the councilors' campaign strategies: what kind of messages were sent by the councilors who adopted digital communication strategies to their followers, and the relationship between party affiliation and e-campaigns. The article shows that communitarian sociability, understood as face-to-face relations or interactions among individuals, affects how the internet is used in local campaigns, since there is no direct relationship between electoral success and the heavy use of Twitter by candidates, at least in proportional local elections (which are defined as cases in which candidates do not necessarily need to reach the votes of a majority of constituents, but only a part of them). However, those who adopt a digital communication strategy use it to broadcast their political platforms and promote their campaign events. Finally, except for small left-wing parties, there appears to be no relationship between party affiliation and e-campaigns.Artigo Computational propaganda in Brazil : social bots during elections(2017) Arnaudo, Dan; Tribunal Superior EleitoralComputational propaganda can take the form of automated accounts (bots) spreading information, algorithmic manipulation and the spread of fake news to shape public opinion, amongst other methods. These techniques are being used in combination with the analysis and usage of large data sets of information about citizens held by corporations and governments. This form of propaganda is spreading to countries all over the world, most notably during the 2016 US presidential elections and the run-up to the UK's referendum to leave the European Union (Brexit). This working paper examines the use of computational propaganda in Brazil, the largest country in Latin America and a critical part of the global internet. This examination takes the form of the study of three recent cases of the use of computational propaganda in Brazil: the 2014 presidential elections, the impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff and the 2016 municipal elections in Rio de Janeiro. It examines the legal framework governing the internet and the electoral process online, particularly how this process relates to computational propaganda. In addition, it seeks to understand how bots are involved in multifarious economic and political themes, and in ongoing debates in the country about corruption, privatization, and social and economic reform. Through a collection and analysis of hashtags related to major investigations into corruption in politics, as well as to proposed reforms to the social support systems and protests related to them, the working paper identifies bots that are involved in these debates and how they operate. Finally, it looks at potential responses to this kind of propaganda, from legal, technical and organizational perspectives, as well as at some indications of future trends in the use of these techniques in Brazilian society and politics.Artigo Bolsonaro y la estrategia política de polarización : de la campaña a la presidencia(2021) Goldstein, Ariel; Tribunal Superior EleitoralDurante la campaña presidencial de 2018, el candidato Jair Bolsonaro incentivó y usufructuó de una "ola antipetista" existente en el electorado, basada en las acusaciones de corrupción contra los gobiernos de Lula y Dilma Rousseff (2003-2016). Esto le permitió obtener un apoyo fundamental en su carrera a la presidencia. El candidato fomentó la división entre los que apoyaban a los gobiernos del PT y sus detractores para alimentar su postulación, capitalizando el antipetismo. Su campaña fue construyendo representaciones dicotómicas para mantener su base conservadora unificada. Planteó temáticas divisorias en distintas esferas del debate público, como el lugar de la mujer en la sociedad, el temor sobre el traslado a Brasil de la crisis venezolana en el caso de un triunfo del PT y los problemas de la seguridad pública, que fueron centrales para el éxito de su estrategia de campaña. La utilización de una representación estereotipada sobre las movilizaciones del #Elenao sucedidas en septiembre de 2018, fue clave en su estrategia de polarización para postularse en defensa de un Brasil conservador, respetuoso de las tradiciones y las jerarquías. La originalidad del artículo radica en mostrar cómo la polarización, ya presente en los años de Lula y Rousseff, pasa de un clivaje basado en una nominación económica (ricos-pobres) a una división de naturaleza moral (conservadoraizquierdista).Artigo Populism in Brazil's 2018 general elections : an analysis of Bolsonaro's campaign speeches(2020) Tamaki, Eduardo Ryo; Fuks, Mario; Tribunal Superior EleitoralThrough an analysis of Bolsonaro's speeches during his official campaign, we aim to identify the presence of populist traits in his discourse. Preliminary results suggest that Bolsonaro's discourse have, compared to its predecessors, higher levels of populism. As a theoretical framework, we use the ideational approach to populism. The data was collected and analyzed by Team Populism using the "holistic grading" textual analysis method. Results revealed that, despite his anti-elite, polarizing, and Manichean speech, Bolsonaro is an incomplete populist. In his rhetoric, populist traits vie for space with patriotic elements.
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