América do Sul

URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://bibliotecadigital.tse.jus.br/handle/bdtse/9850

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 27

Dos décadas de cambios en el escenario político y partidario de Bolivia : el lugar del MAS y de los demás
(2019) Freitas, Rosiene; Sátyro, Natália Guimarães Duarte; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
Analiza los principales cambios en los sistemas político y partidario de Bolivia en la historia reciente, con foco en el lugar y el papel del MAS (Movimiento al Socialismo), a través de la técnica del rastreo de los procesos (process tracing) que conforman el cambio de ese escenario institucional. Se discute el surgimiento del MAS y cómo él se vuelve actor central en la arena política en las dos últimas décadas. En seguida, son analizados los escenarios político y partidario en los cuales gobierna, y la relación con los diversos actores: parlamento, oposición, movimientos sociales, Departamentos y municipios. Los resultados señalan el desmantelamiento de los partidos tradicionales y un sistema partidario volátil, el rediseño de las reglas del juego y la consolidación del MAS como fuerza política.
Participação popular e mobilização política no Cone Sul dos anos 1970 : os Comitês de Base da Frente Ampla uruguaia e os Comitês da Unidade Popular chilena em perspectiva comparada
(2019) Ferreira, André Lopes; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
Busca-se no presente artigo comparar a experiência dos Comitês de Base da Frente Ampla uruguaia e dos Comitês da Unidade Popular chilena no princípio dos anos 1970. Embora fossem coalizões eleitorais, tanto a FA quanto a UP se constituíram também como movimentos de massa, utilizando-se da estratégia da mobilização política através de Comitês que contavam com grande participação popular. Por se tratarem de alianças multipartidárias, os Comitês da Frente Ampla e da Unidade Popular eram frequentados por militantes e simpatizantes das diferentes forças, o que em determinadas ocasiões gerava atritos e polêmicas. Além disso, devido ao importante papel que desempenharam nas eleições, foi preciso debater internamente qual seria o lugar desses organismos na estrutura partidária, trazendo à tona diferentes posições no seio das esquerdas no Uruguai e no Chile. Como fontes primárias, analisou-se a imprensa e a documentação interna dos partidos, além de entrevistas com alguns de seus ex-integrantes.
Democratizando la revocatoria para alcaldes en Ecuador y Colombia : la gobernanza local en la encrucijada
(2019) Erazo, Luis Carlos; Chamorro, Lorena; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
¿Existe relación entre la democratización de la revocatoria del mandato para alcaldes y la estabilidad de la gobernanza local? Para responder esta pregunta, este trabajo desarrolla un análisis neoinstitucional y plantea una estrategia metodológica cualitativa que aborda comparativamente dos unidades, Ecuador y Colombia. Revisando las cartas constitucionales y la normatividad de cada país, se estudia el diseño institucional que adopta la revocatoria del mandato para alcaldes. Este análisis se complementa con estadística descriptiva que permite observar la evolución de este dispositivo como una alternativa para ejercer control democrático no electoral de tipo institucional mixto (CDNE-IM). Como hipótesis de trabajo, se propone que, en la medida en que exista un diseño institucional menos restrictivo para activar el dispositivo de la revocatoria del mandato para alcaldes, las probabilidades de que el control democrático erosione la estabilidad de la gobernanza local aumentan. A la inversa, un diseño institucional más restrictivo disminuye tales probabilidades. La evidencia empírica demuestra que la apertura del diseño institucional ecuatoriano a partir de la reforma constitucional de 2008 provocó una avalancha de revocatorias del mandato para alcaldes que no tiene precedentes en la historia democrática del país, mientras que en Colombia, a pesar de la antigüedad del dispositivo, no ha sucedido igual. El análisis concluye que el diseño institucional de la revocatoria del mandato para alcaldes se convierte en un arma de doble filo para la estabilidad de la gobernanza local.
Programs and parties : rethinking electoral competition through analysis of brazilian 'grotões'
(2019) Salles, Nara Oliveira; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
The 'salience theory of party competition' moves on from the 'programmatic paradox' imposed by the classic Downsian proximity model and demonstrates that parties compete with each other by means of the emphases they give to certain issues. They do this by leveraging their government programs to shape voter preferences that form an innate component of the electoral process. This phenomenon has been neglected in a Brazil supposedly dominated by weak parties, personality politics and clientelism. This scenario is most pronounced at a local level, particularly in the country's so-called 'grotões' where the electorate is motivated by a desire to meet its basic needs, which has the effect of strengthening client relationships with political candidates. In these areas, the relevance of government programs reaches its nadir. The aim of this article is to investigate this phenomenon in Brazilian municipalities with the lowest Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) scores. The study is underpinned by two hypotheses: 01. that government programs form an integral component of electoral competition in Brazil and 02. that they are formulated along partisan lines. In order to test these hypotheses, It has performed an analysis of the government programs registered by mayoral candidates running in 2012 and 2016, using the text analysis method that estimates political positions through word frequency (Wordfish). The results fully confirm the first hypothesis but only partly confirm the second.
Clientelism and local politics : interactions between municipal councilors and voters in the state of Minas Gerais
(2019) Rocha, Marta Mendes da; Souza, Augusto Carvalho de; Araújo, Paulo Magalhães; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
It addresses the subject of clientelism with reference to an unprecedented set of data resulting from a survey of 422 municipal councilors in 44 brazilian municipalities. The aim was to verify whether a propensity for clientelist behavior was uniformly distributed among the councilors surveyed and, in the event that it was not, to identify factors that could explain any variations. The analysis revealed that clientelism - understood as the degree of exposure on the part of councilors to voter demands for individual benefits, and the councilors' willingness to attend to such demands by means of informal strategies - varies among councilors. Through a multivariate analysis of data, it concluded that these variations are related, as it expected, to such characteristics of the municipalities as population, poverty levels and political competition, and to such individual attributes of councilors as ideology and position in relation to the executive branch. It also concludes that there is an interaction between poverty and competition: competition seems to be more relevant than poverty to explain the observed variations, and its effect is intensified; the explanatory power of poverty is higher in the context of low political competition.
The world cup and presidential popularity in Brazil
(2019) Mundim, Pedro Santos; Silva, Gleice Meire Almeida da; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
It analyzes the relationship between public opinion and the World Cup in Brazil with reference to data from quantitative and qualitative opinion polls conducted by the Office of the Secretary of Communication of the Presidency of the Republic. These analyses suggest that an increasingly critical view on the part of citizens as well as frustration with expectations vis-à-vis essential public services such as health and education had a direct impact on Brazilians' views of the event and their (dis)approval of the Federal Government. Amid a series of demonstrations in 2013 and 2014, the World Cup was transformed from a classic case of bread and circuses into a catalyst for popular dissatisfaction. Instead of a popularity boost and a smooth path to re-election in 2014, Brazilian political leaders found themselves scrambling to deal with the legacy of a World Cup own goal.
Race and competitiveness in brazilian elections : evaluating the chances of black and brown candidates through quantile regression analysis of Brazil's 2014 Congressional elections
(2019) Machado, Carlos Augusto Mello; Campos, Luiz Augusto; Recch, Filipe; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
Although the proportion of black, brown and indigenous electoral candidates in Brazil is close to the proportion of blacks, browns and indigenous in the general population, the proportion elected to the country's Federal Congress is significantly lower. Statistical techniques such as linear or logistic regression are typically used to estimate the effect of a particular variable such as color/race or gender on a candidate's electoral performance. However, in Brazilian elections, characterized by substantive, asymmetrical differences such as extreme variations in campaign finance distribution, the efficacy of these types of regression models is limited. Such being the case in Brazil's open list proportional representation system, we propose quantile regression as the most suitable means for estimating the relationship between voting and other variables such as race/color, because it enables us to estimate relationships between the variables of interest across several distribution quantiles. Quantile regression models show that black and brown candidates get as many as 40% fewer votes than white candidates in higher vote distribution quantiles. Furthermore, analysis of access to campaign financing finds that black and brown candidates on average garner only 75% of the funds available to white candidates at quantile 80 of campaign finance distribution. This drops to 65% at quantile 90.
Las elecciones presidenciales en Brasil (2018) : la cobertura de la prensa de referencia Argentina
(2019) Acosta, Marina; Demirdjian, Silvia; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
Los procesos electorales en general representan una interesante oportunidad para analizar el posicionamiento de la prensa. Los medios de comunicación tematizan esas coyunturas y en su construcción discursiva ofrecen ciertas representaciones/encuadres de los panoramas sociales, económicos y políticos de los países donde tienen lugar las elecciones que narran y comentan.El objetivo general de la investigación es analizar comparativamente la cobertura de la prensa de referencia argentina sobre el triunfo de Jair Bolsonaro. El estudio describe la agenda que han activado los dos periódicos de mayor circulación en Argentina, Clarín y La Nación, durante octubre de 2018. La metodología utilizada es el clásico análisis de contenido; para asistir al análisis del proceso exploratorio se utiliza también el software informático ATLAS/ ti. El marco teórico se sustenta en la teoría de la agenda-setting, la tematización y el proceso de enmarcado noticioso (framing). Dentro de los principales hallazgos de la investigación destacan que el índice de importancia de la cobertura ha oscilado entre el rango medio-alto y máximo, que el temario sobre el proceso electoral brasileño se concentró en las noticias que tenían como protagonista a Bolsonaro, que ambos periódicos utilizaron información propia en la construcción discursiva de los comicios y que el encuadre de campaña que se impuso fue el estratégico.
"Democracy is primarily achieved through voting" : social representations of adolescents
(2019) Bruno, Daniela; Barreiro, Alicia; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
The aim of this study is understand the social representations of democracy showed in the narratives of Argentine adolescents (N=32) aged between 16 and 18 years. A semi-structured interview was used, which was based on Piaget's clinical method. The results obtained show that adolescents represent democracy as a fundamental mechanism for the operation of the representative democratic regime and the inherent principles of this form of government. It is concluded that these ways of representing democracy seem to overshadow the possibility of regarding it as a system of government, that is, a broad political institution.
A discuss about electoral femicide in Brazil
(2019) Nogueira, Ary Jorge Aguiar; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
It brings to the debate the concept of electoral femicide by presenting a case study on female candidates murdered in brazilian elections in the last 20 years. The case study was chosen as the main method of work. The research is justified by the fact that Brazil occupies the fifth-place position in the world ranking of femicides. The research found that 60% of candidates' murders were proven to be due to domestic and family violence. The relevance of the research lies in the need for a correct diagnosis of the problem in order to formulate adequate and efficient public policies to deal with this type of violence.

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