Autodeclaração racial e efetividade da política pública de ação afirmativa de reserva de recursos de campanha para pessoas negras nas eleições
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2024
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Aborda a correspondência entre as autodeclarações raciais das
pessoas eleitas e sua heteroidentificação racial, de modo a averiguar o
correto pertencimento ao grupo de destinatários da ação afirmativa eleitoral
racial. Objetiva analisar se a autodeclaração racial, isoladamente, constitui
instrumento suficiente para garantir que a política pública de ação afirmativa
racial eleitoral, por reserva de recursos, alcance seus reais destinatários.
Do ponto de vista teórico, o artigo dialoga com literatura recente sobre a
temática racial na política formal, assim como com a bibliografia tradicional sobre a formação racial brasileira, com destaque para o sistema racial do
Brasil por características fenotípicas. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza
qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, delineada segundo o método indutivo, a
partir da técnica comparativa, que foi realizada mediante a coleta de dados
abertos do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) sobre as pessoas autodeclaradas
negras eleitas para a Câmara dos Deputados e para o Senado Federal, nas
eleições de 2022 e a submissão a uma banca de heteroidentificação simulada.
Espera-se provocar pesquisadoras, pesquisadores, instituições públicas
e sociedade civil a promoverem intervenções que garantam o sucesso da
medida e a maior inclusão da população no processo democrático brasileiro.
Em conclusão, observou-se que há alto índice de não correspondência entre
as autodeclarações e a heteroidentificação racial, após submissão das imagens
das eleitas e dos eleitos a uma verificação externa qualificada, e isto nos
permite inferir que há insuficiência da autodeclaração racial para assegurar o
alcance da finalidade da política afirmativa racial eleitoral.
It addresses the correspondence between the racial self-declarations of elected officials and their racial hetero-identification, in order to ascertain the correct belonging to the group of recipients of racial electoral affirmative action. It aims to analyze whether racial self-declaration, in isolation, constitutes a sufficient instrument to ensure that the public policy of electoral racial affirmative action through resource reservation reaches its real recipients. From a theoretical point of view, the article dialogues with recent literature on racial issues in formal politics, as well as with the traditional bibliography on Brazilian racial formation, with emphasis on Brazil's racial system based on phenotypic characteristics. This is a qualitative research, of an exploratory nature, designed, according to the inductive method, based on the comparative technique, which was carried out through the collection of open data from the Superior Electoral Court on self-declared black candidates elected to the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, in the 2022 Elections and submission to a simulated hetero-identification panel. It is expected to provoke researchers, public institutions and civil society to promote interventions that guarantee the success of the measure and greater inclusion of the population in the Brazilian democratic process. In conclusion, it was observed that there is a high rate of non-correspondence between self-declarations and racial hetero-identification, after submitting the images of those elected to qualified external verification, and this allows us to infer that there is an insufficiency of racial self-declaration to ensure the achievement of the purpose of the affirmative racial electoral policy.
It addresses the correspondence between the racial self-declarations of elected officials and their racial hetero-identification, in order to ascertain the correct belonging to the group of recipients of racial electoral affirmative action. It aims to analyze whether racial self-declaration, in isolation, constitutes a sufficient instrument to ensure that the public policy of electoral racial affirmative action through resource reservation reaches its real recipients. From a theoretical point of view, the article dialogues with recent literature on racial issues in formal politics, as well as with the traditional bibliography on Brazilian racial formation, with emphasis on Brazil's racial system based on phenotypic characteristics. This is a qualitative research, of an exploratory nature, designed, according to the inductive method, based on the comparative technique, which was carried out through the collection of open data from the Superior Electoral Court on self-declared black candidates elected to the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, in the 2022 Elections and submission to a simulated hetero-identification panel. It is expected to provoke researchers, public institutions and civil society to promote interventions that guarantee the success of the measure and greater inclusion of the population in the Brazilian democratic process. In conclusion, it was observed that there is a high rate of non-correspondence between self-declarations and racial hetero-identification, after submitting the images of those elected to qualified external verification, and this allows us to infer that there is an insufficiency of racial self-declaration to ensure the achievement of the purpose of the affirmative racial electoral policy.
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Semestral
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Referência
FERREIRA, Fernanda Portela; BUSSINGUER, Elda Coelho de Azevedo. Autodeclaração racial e efetividade da política pública de ação afirmativa
de reserva de recursos de campanha para pessoas negras nas eleições. Estudos Eleitorais, Brasília, DF, v. 18, n. 1, p. 502-531, jan./jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57025/14145146_v18n1_fer.fer.
