Análise jurídica do direito ao transporte de eleitores : perspectivas urbanas e rurais no contexto eleitoral brasileiro
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2022
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Analisa o tratamento jurídico dado ao transporte de
eleitores no dia da eleição no Brasil. A matéria é apresentada a partir da perspectiva que o deverdireito
de votar é um ônus constitucional atribuído ao cidadão e exercício de um direito inserido,
sobretudo, na primeira e quarta dimensão dos direitos fundamentais, o que é reforçado pela
Portaria Conjunta nº 1/2024 expedida pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e o Ministério da Justiça
e Segurança Pública do Governo Federal. Em relação ao transporte em zona urbana, realiza-se
uma análise a partir da conclusão dada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na ADPF nº 1013. Para o
transporte em zonas rurais sem transporte público regular a forma de se operacionalizar a lei de
regência, ante os vácuos legislativos sobre o tema, exigem o uso da hermenêutica para aprimorar
o exercício do dever - direito de votar, em destaque para os eventuais impedimentos para exercer
a função de motorista de carro a serviço da Justiça Eleitoral. Além disso, são analisados, em
conjunto, dados de abstenção nas eleições e sobre a condição socioeconômica da população para
demonstrar a necessidade de políticas públicas que não inviabilizem o ato de votar apenas por
insuficiência financeira para arcar com o transporte no dia da eleição. Dessa maneira, de modo a
considerar os desequilíbrios materiais entre os cidadãos, especialmente relacionados à locomoção
e meios de transporte, bem como o agravamento não intencional criado pelo dever constitucional
de votar, a partir da teoria do impacto desproporcional, conclui-se que ações afirmativas e normas
mais específicas devem ser criadas neste tema, tanto pelo Poder Legislativo, como pela Justiça
Eleitoral no seu dever de regulamentar e organizar as eleições. Metodologicamente realiza-se
pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, incluindo artigos científicos, livros, dados empíricos, atos
normativos e decisões judiciais.
It aims to analyze the legal treatment given to voter transportation on election day in Brazil. The subject is presented from the perspective that the duty-right to vote is a constitutional burden attributed to citizens and the exercise of a right inserted, above all, in the first and fourth dimensions of fundamental rights, which is reinforced by "Portaria Conjunta" No. 1/2024 issued by the Superior Electoral Court and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security of the Federal Government. Regarding transportation in urban areas, an analysis is carried out based on the conclusion given by the Federal Supreme Court in ADPF No. 1013. For transportation in rural areas without regular public transportation, the means of operationalizing the governing law, given the legislative gaps on the subject, require the use of hermeneutics to improve the exercise of the duty-right to vote, highlighting potential impediments to performing the function of a car driver in service of the Electoral Justice. Additionally, abstention data from elections and information on the population's socioeconomic condition are analyzed together to demonstrate the need for public policies that do not make voting unfeasible solely due to financial insufficiency to afford transportation on election day. Thus, in order to consider the material imbalances between citizens, especially related to locomotion and means of transportation, as well as the unintentional aggravation created by the constitutional duty to vote, based on the theory of disproportionate impact, it is concluded that affirmative actions and more specific regulations should be created on this topic, both by the Legislative Branch and by the Electoral Justice in its duty to regulate and organize elections. Methodologically, the research employs bibliographic and documentary research, including scientific articles, books, empirical data, normative acts, and judicial decisions.
It aims to analyze the legal treatment given to voter transportation on election day in Brazil. The subject is presented from the perspective that the duty-right to vote is a constitutional burden attributed to citizens and the exercise of a right inserted, above all, in the first and fourth dimensions of fundamental rights, which is reinforced by "Portaria Conjunta" No. 1/2024 issued by the Superior Electoral Court and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security of the Federal Government. Regarding transportation in urban areas, an analysis is carried out based on the conclusion given by the Federal Supreme Court in ADPF No. 1013. For transportation in rural areas without regular public transportation, the means of operationalizing the governing law, given the legislative gaps on the subject, require the use of hermeneutics to improve the exercise of the duty-right to vote, highlighting potential impediments to performing the function of a car driver in service of the Electoral Justice. Additionally, abstention data from elections and information on the population's socioeconomic condition are analyzed together to demonstrate the need for public policies that do not make voting unfeasible solely due to financial insufficiency to afford transportation on election day. Thus, in order to consider the material imbalances between citizens, especially related to locomotion and means of transportation, as well as the unintentional aggravation created by the constitutional duty to vote, based on the theory of disproportionate impact, it is concluded that affirmative actions and more specific regulations should be created on this topic, both by the Legislative Branch and by the Electoral Justice in its duty to regulate and organize elections. Methodologically, the research employs bibliographic and documentary research, including scientific articles, books, empirical data, normative acts, and judicial decisions.
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Referência
TELLES, Rafael Burgarelli Mendonça; BATAGLIA, Murilo Borsio. Análise jurídica do direito ao transporte de eleitores: perspectivas urbanas e rurais no contexto eleitoral brasileiro. Suffragium - Revista do Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Ceará, Fortaleza, v. 13, n. 23, p. 10-24, jul./dez. 2022. ISSN: 2595-5756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53616/suffragium.v13i23.179.
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