Candidaturas laranjas : a fraude contra as cotas de gênero e seus impactos na representatividade feminina

Abstract

Vem apontar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, como a Justiça Eleitoral vem desempenhando um papel fundamental na garantia da equidade nas eleições, especialmente na promoção da participação feminina na política. Apesar das cotas de gênero, muitas campanhas femininas enfrentam desafios estruturais, como a falta de financiamento e visibilidade. Um problema recorrente é o uso de candidaturas laranjas, em que mulheres são registradas apenas para cumprir a cota mínima de 30%, sem reais intenções de campanha. Essa prática configura fraude eleitoral e prejudica a representatividade feminina. O direito das mulheres no contexto eleitoral envolve medidas de incentivo, fiscalização rigorosa e punições para fraudes, visando uma maior igualdade política. O fortalecimento de políticas públicas e o engajamento institucional são essenciais para garantir eleições mais justas e democráticas, como o Protocolo de Prevenção à Fraude à Cota de Gênero no âmbito da Justiça Eleitoral do Paraná, instituído pela Resolução TRE - PR nº 935, de 22 de julho de 2024, do Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Paraná, que incentivou eventos e iniciativas de capacitação para conscientizar a sociedade e os partidos políticos sobre a importância da participação feminina na política.

It highlights, through a bibliographical review, how the Electoral Court has been playing a fundamental role in guaranteeing equity in elections, especially in promoting female participation in politics. Despite gender quotas, many women's campaigns face structural challenges, such as a lack of funding and visibility. A recurring problem is the use of orange candidacies, in which women are registered only to meet the minimum quota of 30%, without real campaign intentions. This practice constitutes electoral fraud and harms female representation. Women's rights in the electoral context involve incentive measures, strict supervision and punishments for fraud, aiming at greater political equality. Strengthening public policies and institutional engagement are essential to guarantee fairer and more democratic elections, such as the Gender Quota Fraud Prevention Protocol within the scope of the Electoral Court of Paraná, established by Resolution TRE - PR nº 935, of July 22, 2024, of the Regional Electoral Court of ParanáThis article highlights, through a bibliographical review, how the Electoral Court has been playing a fundamental role in guaranteeing equity in elections, especially in promoting female participation in politics. Despite gender quotas, many women's campaigns face structural challenges, such as a lack of funding and visibility. A recurring problem is the use of orange candidacies, in which women are registered only to meet the minimum quota of 30%, without real campaign intentions. This practice constitutes electoral fraud and harms female representation. Women's rights in the electoral context involve incentive measures, strict supervision and punishments for fraud, aiming at greater political equality. The strengthening of public policies and institutional engagement are essential to guarantee fairer and more democratic elections, such as the Gender Quota Fraud Prevention Protocol within the scope of the Electoral Court of Paraná, established by Resolution TRE - PR nº 935, of July 22, 2024, of the Regional Electoral Court of Paraná, which encouraged events and training initiatives to raise awareness in society and political parties about the importance of female participation in politics.