O populismo na perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau : uma alternativa para a esquerda?
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2018
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Tem como objetivos: 1) apresentar o conceito de populismo construído pelo teórico político
argentino Ernesto Laclau; 2) analisar criticamente a defesa da aplicação, na prática, do populismo no campo político. A importante contribuição do autor constitui-se um grande avanço para a compreensão do fenômeno do populismo como uma lógica política dotada de racionalidade própria. Em contraste com
a literatura tradicional, ele oferece uma visão afastada de preconceitos e interpreta o populismo como um modo de construção do povo, tal como qualquer outro. Ele não carrega qualquer conteúdo específico, seja de direita ou de esquerda, bom ou ruim, como tradicionalmente se acreditou. Não obstante, concordando com a construção teórica do autor, fomos levados a questionar sobre a desejabilidade do populismo no campo político considerando a sua natureza, baseada, especificamente, na construção hegemônica de um povo contra o poder. A hipótese era de que a lógica populista é incompatível com a democracia. Isto porque, em vez de levar em conta o todo da comunidade, ele provoca uma divisão antagônica radical no social. Assim, não se ocupa em demonstrar que o trabalho de Laclau é um erro e que se deve voltar à visão tradicional, mas analisar se a lógica política
populista deveria ser acolhida pela esquerda política considerando seu possível prejuízo à democracia.
It aims to: 1) present the concept of populism built by the Argentine political theorist Ernesto L aclau; 2) to critically analyze the defense of the practical application of populism in the political field. The important contribution of the author constitutes a great advance for the understanding of the phenomenon of the populism as a political logic endowed with own rationality. In contrast to the traditional literature, he offers a perception away from judgements in which populism is taken as a way of construction of the people, such as any other. It does not carry any specific content, from the right or left wing, good or bad, as it was traditionally believed. Nevertheless, in agreement with the theoretical construction of the author, we were led to question over the desirability of populism in the political field considering its nature, based specifically on the hegemonic construction of a people against the power. The hypothesis was that populist logic is incompatible with democracy. This is because, instead of considering the whole of the community, it causes a radical antagonistic split in the social. Thus, we are not concerned with demonstrating that L aclau's work is a mistake and that we must return to the traditional view but analyze whether populist political logic should be accepted by the political left considering its possible damage to democracy.
It aims to: 1) present the concept of populism built by the Argentine political theorist Ernesto L aclau; 2) to critically analyze the defense of the practical application of populism in the political field. The important contribution of the author constitutes a great advance for the understanding of the phenomenon of the populism as a political logic endowed with own rationality. In contrast to the traditional literature, he offers a perception away from judgements in which populism is taken as a way of construction of the people, such as any other. It does not carry any specific content, from the right or left wing, good or bad, as it was traditionally believed. Nevertheless, in agreement with the theoretical construction of the author, we were led to question over the desirability of populism in the political field considering its nature, based specifically on the hegemonic construction of a people against the power. The hypothesis was that populist logic is incompatible with democracy. This is because, instead of considering the whole of the community, it causes a radical antagonistic split in the social. Thus, we are not concerned with demonstrating that L aclau's work is a mistake and that we must return to the traditional view but analyze whether populist political logic should be accepted by the political left considering its possible damage to democracy.
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NASCIMENTO, Kamila Lima do. O populismo na perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau: uma alternativa para a esquerda?. Revista Estudos Políticos, Niterói, v. 9, n. 17, p. 32-49, 2018.
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