A relativização da competência ambiental nas eleições : uma análise do direito à propaganda eleitoral e a poluição
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2017
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Entre os Direitos Eleitoral e Ambiental existe uma conexão jurídica à medida
que procedimentos adotados por um, interferem na competência do outro. O Direito
Eleitoral é o ramo da ciência jurídica que regulamenta as interações dos direitos políticos e
o processo eleitoral, objetivando a escolha de representantes para a ocupação de cargos
eletivos, incluindo os sistemas eleitorais e sua legislação. Entretanto, durante a campanha
eleitoral, o candidato é submetido a uma série de movimentos resguardados pela legislação
eleitoral, que coloca em risco o objeto de estudo de outra ciência jurídica, ou seja, do
Direito Ambiental. A problemática é que algumas condutas que adentram o campo do
Direito Ambiental têm uma segurança jurídica na legislação eleitoral. Ocorre que a
competência de apurar, processar e julgar alguns crimes ambientais, cometidos durante o
processo eleitoral, recai para a Justiça Eleitoral, simp lesmente pelo fato da conduta está
intrinsicamente relacionada ao período de eleições, gerando um conflito de competência
com o Direito Ambiental. Este, por sua vez, através dos órgãos de fiscalização ambiental,
os quais têm maior capacitação para lidar propriamente com a situação, já que o meio
ambiente é seu objeto de estudo. Vale salientar que, tal prática não obtém tanta eficiência
quanto se esses órgãos trabalhassem juntos, haja vista que a Constituição Federal impõe a
competência comum a todos os entes políticos e instituições, isto é, a proteção e o combate
à poluição. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar e discutir a competência
para tratar da poluição eleitoral e a necessidade que se faz de um trabalho integrado da
Justiça Eleitoral com os órgãos de defesa ambiental, para preservar o meio ambiente
ecologicamente equilibrado.
Between Electoral and Environmental Rights there is a legal connection as procedures adopted by one, interfere in the competence of the other. Electoral Law is the branch of legal science that regulates the interactions of political rights and tbe electoral process, aiming at the choice of representatives for the occupation of elective positions, including electoral systems and their legislation. However, during the election campaign, the candidate is submitted to a series of movements protected by electoral legislation, which puts at risk the object of study of another legal science, that is, of Environmental Law. The problem is that some conduits that go into the fiel d of Environmental Law bave legal ce1tainty in the electoral legislation. lt happens that the competence to investigate, prosecute and judge some environmental crimes committed during the electoral process rests with the Electoral Justice, sirnply because the conduct is intrinsically related to the election period, generating a conflict of competence with Environmental Law. This, in tum, through the environrnental control agencies, which have greater capacity to deal properly with the situation, since the environment is their object of study. It is worth noting that this practice does not achieve as much efficiency as if these bodies worked togetber, given that the Federal Constitution imposes cornmon competence on all political entities and institutions, that is, the protection and fight against pollution. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to analyze and discuss the competence to deal with electoral pollution and the need for an integrated work of the Electoral Justice with the environmental defense organs, in order to preserve the ecologically balanced environment.
Between Electoral and Environmental Rights there is a legal connection as procedures adopted by one, interfere in the competence of the other. Electoral Law is the branch of legal science that regulates the interactions of political rights and tbe electoral process, aiming at the choice of representatives for the occupation of elective positions, including electoral systems and their legislation. However, during the election campaign, the candidate is submitted to a series of movements protected by electoral legislation, which puts at risk the object of study of another legal science, that is, of Environmental Law. The problem is that some conduits that go into the fiel d of Environmental Law bave legal ce1tainty in the electoral legislation. lt happens that the competence to investigate, prosecute and judge some environmental crimes committed during the electoral process rests with the Electoral Justice, sirnply because the conduct is intrinsically related to the election period, generating a conflict of competence with Environmental Law. This, in tum, through the environrnental control agencies, which have greater capacity to deal properly with the situation, since the environment is their object of study. It is worth noting that this practice does not achieve as much efficiency as if these bodies worked togetber, given that the Federal Constitution imposes cornmon competence on all political entities and institutions, that is, the protection and fight against pollution. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to analyze and discuss the competence to deal with electoral pollution and the need for an integrated work of the Electoral Justice with the environmental defense organs, in order to preserve the ecologically balanced environment.
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Referência
SOUZA, Murilo Raili Sabino de; CARNEIRO, Aluska Nidiane dos Santos. A relativização da competência ambiental nas eleições: uma análise do direito à propaganda eleitoral e a poluição. Revista Ballot, Rio de Janeiro, v. 3, n. 1 e 2, p. 1-12, jan./dez. 2017.
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