Apatia e alheamento político numa sociedade paralisada : os limites da nova democracia chilena
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2001
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A noção de sociedade paralisada usada aqui para descrever a democracia chilena
contemporânea pretende sugerir um determinado sistema político em que a probabilidade de
mudança significativa resultante de eleições e negociações foi reduzida a um mínimo. Tendo em
vista os dispositivos políticos restritivos impostos pelo regime militar de Pinochet à nova
democracia, tais como a figura dos senadores nomeados e a lei eleitoral binomial que aumenta
de modo muito desproporcional a representação do maior grupo minoritário pode-se afirmar que o
poder político estava destinado a ser dividido quase igualmente entre as forças de centro e centroesquerda
agrupadas na coalizão da Concertación e seus oponentes da direita, num aparente
desrespeito à vontade dos eleitores. A questão central deste artigo se relaciona com os efeitos
prováveis que este imobilismo político pode ter sobre os chilenos à medida que eles se
conscientizem de que as forças políticas que representam uma maioria popular têm capacidade
limitada para realizar as mudanças desejadas. O tipo de efeito sugerido aqui se concentra na
apatia e no alheamento político existentes.
The notion of a stalemate society used here to describe contemporary Chilean democracy is meant to suggest a particular political system where the likelihood of significant change resulting through elections and bargaining has been reduced to a minimum. Given restrictive political provisions imposed by the Pinochet military regime upon the new democracy such as the constitutionally-sanctioned appointed Institutional Senators and the binomial election law which dramatically over-represents the largest minority group one can argue that political power was meant to be almost equally divided between those center and center-left forces grouped in the Concertación coalition and those opposing them on the political right, in seeming disregard of what the voters wanted. What is raised as the central question for examination in this essay relates to the likely effects such entrenched political immobilism may have had on Chileans as they became aware that the political forces representing a popular majority had only a limited ability to achieve the changes sought. The type of effect suggested here focuses on existing political apathy and alienation.
The notion of a stalemate society used here to describe contemporary Chilean democracy is meant to suggest a particular political system where the likelihood of significant change resulting through elections and bargaining has been reduced to a minimum. Given restrictive political provisions imposed by the Pinochet military regime upon the new democracy such as the constitutionally-sanctioned appointed Institutional Senators and the binomial election law which dramatically over-represents the largest minority group one can argue that political power was meant to be almost equally divided between those center and center-left forces grouped in the Concertación coalition and those opposing them on the political right, in seeming disregard of what the voters wanted. What is raised as the central question for examination in this essay relates to the likely effects such entrenched political immobilism may have had on Chileans as they became aware that the political forces representing a popular majority had only a limited ability to achieve the changes sought. The type of effect suggested here focuses on existing political apathy and alienation.
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EPSTEIN, Edward C. Apatia e alheamento político numa sociedade paralisada: os limites da nova democracia chilena. Opinião Pública, Campinas, v. 7, n. 1, p. 16-32, 2001.
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