Populismo-autoritário de direita? : antielitismo, pluralismo e voto em eleições presidenciais em democracias americanas
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2023
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A chegada ao poder de governantes com características populistas-autoritárias somente é possível
a partir do apoio de eleitores identificados com seus discursos e práticas. Por isso, neste artigo
averiguamos o impacto de atitudes em relação a elites políticas, minorias e imigrantes sobre a
escolha eleitoral para presidente no Brasil (2018), no Chile (2017), na Costa Rica (2018), no Uruguai
(2019) e nos Estados Unidos (2016). Utilizamos dados pós-eleitorais de opinião pública do módulo
5 do Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). Operacionalizamos as variáveis a partir da
construção de escalas de antielitismo e de pluralismo e adotamos a percepção da corrupção como
parte do fenômeno de rejeição às elites políticas. Encontramos que o (anti)pluralismo foi um
melhor preditor do voto nessas eleições em relação ao antielitismo e à corrupção, sugerindo que a
disputa entre valores mais e menos liberais-progressistas esteve no centro do debate político em
todos os países estudados.
The coming to power of rulers with populist-authoritarian characteristics is only possible based on the support of voters identified with their speeches and practices. Therefore, in this article, we investigate the impact of attitudes towards political elites, immigrants and minorities on the electoral choice for president in Brazil (2018), Chile (2017), Costa Rica (2018), Uruguay (2019), and the United States (2016). Post-election public opinion data from Module 5 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) were used. The variables were operationalized from the construction of anti-elitism and pluralism scales, and the perception of corruption was adopted as part of the rejection phenomenon of political elites. The results show that (anti)pluralism was a better predictor of voting in these elections than anti-elitism and corruption, suggesting that the dispute between more and less liberal-progressive values was at the heart of the political debate in all countries studied.
The coming to power of rulers with populist-authoritarian characteristics is only possible based on the support of voters identified with their speeches and practices. Therefore, in this article, we investigate the impact of attitudes towards political elites, immigrants and minorities on the electoral choice for president in Brazil (2018), Chile (2017), Costa Rica (2018), Uruguay (2019), and the United States (2016). Post-election public opinion data from Module 5 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) were used. The variables were operationalized from the construction of anti-elitism and pluralism scales, and the perception of corruption was adopted as part of the rejection phenomenon of political elites. The results show that (anti)pluralism was a better predictor of voting in these elections than anti-elitism and corruption, suggesting that the dispute between more and less liberal-progressive values was at the heart of the political debate in all countries studied.
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CABRERA, Valéria Cabreira; DEL PORTO, Fabíola Brigante. Populismo-autoritário de direita?: antielitismo, pluralismo e voto em eleições presidenciais em democracias americanas. Revista Debates, Porto Alegre, v. 17, n.1, p. 85-109, jan./abr. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-5269.129117.
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