Derechas del siglo XXI : marco analítico para comprender su reconfiguración a partir del caso chileno
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2015
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Para analizar la reconfiguración de la coalición opositora de centro-derecha en Chile desde las elecciones presidenciales y parlamentarias de 2013, proponemos articular dos acercamientos teórico-metodológicos habitualmente disociados en la literatura especializada: la sociología de las instituciones partidistas y la de las redes que irrigan los partidos. En la primera parte del artículo, revisamos los aportes y limitaciones de las dos principales corrientes teóricas en las que se inscriben los estudios sobre las derechas (los enfoques societal y organizacional). Construimos, luego, un marco explicativo que muestra la necesidad de tomar en cuenta las dinámicas intra, inter y extra partidistas para comprender el cambio institucional. Haciendo confluir la institución y las redes, se puede en efecto comprobar que la institucionalización partidista y la reestructuración de los sistemas de partidos se juegan también en una amplia gama de organizaciones que rodean los partidos e inciden en las conductas de sus actores. En Chile, las reglas de la competencia para el control del poder político se encuentran en etapa de redefinición, por lo que el estudio de los cambios en la coalición de centro-derecha cobra especial interés y relevancia. Sin embargo, nuestra propuesta analítica pretende ser generalizable a otros sistemas políticos y otras derechas latinoamericanas, más allá del caso chileno.
In order to analyze the reconfiguration of the Chilean center-right opposition since 2013 elections, we propose to articulate two theoretico-methodological approaches, usually disconnected in specialized literature: sociology of partisan institutions and sociology of the networks that irrigate those parties. First of all, we examine the contributions and limitations of the two main theoretical perspectives for the studies of right-wing parties (societal and organizational). We then elaborate a theoretical framework taking into account intra, inter and extra party dynamics to understand institutional change. Making institution and networks converge allows to see that party institutionalization and the (re)structuring of party systems proceed as well from a wide range of organizations that surround political parties, having an incidence on their actors' behaviors. In Chile, the rules of competition for the control of political power are currently being redefined; therefore the study of the changes within the center-right opposition acquires special interest and relevance. However, our analytical proposal aims to be generalizable to other political systems and right-wing Latin American parties, beyond the Chilean case.
In order to analyze the reconfiguration of the Chilean center-right opposition since 2013 elections, we propose to articulate two theoretico-methodological approaches, usually disconnected in specialized literature: sociology of partisan institutions and sociology of the networks that irrigate those parties. First of all, we examine the contributions and limitations of the two main theoretical perspectives for the studies of right-wing parties (societal and organizational). We then elaborate a theoretical framework taking into account intra, inter and extra party dynamics to understand institutional change. Making institution and networks converge allows to see that party institutionalization and the (re)structuring of party systems proceed as well from a wide range of organizations that surround political parties, having an incidence on their actors' behaviors. In Chile, the rules of competition for the control of political power are currently being redefined; therefore the study of the changes within the center-right opposition acquires special interest and relevance. However, our analytical proposal aims to be generalizable to other political systems and right-wing Latin American parties, beyond the Chilean case.
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ALENDA, Stéphanie. Derechas del siglo XXI: marco analítico para comprender su reconfiguración a partir del caso chileno. Paraná Eleitoral: revista brasileira de direito eleitoral e ciência política, Curitiba, v. 4, n. 2, p. 169-187, 2015.
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