Los efectos del fin de las coaliciones electorales de Brasil en 2020
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2021
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Las elecciones municipales de 2020 en Brasil fueron las primeras bajo el efecto de la Enmienda
a la Constitución 97/2017, que estableció el fin de las coaliciones para las elecciones proporcionales. Uno
de los posibles resultados de la nueva norma sería la reducción del número de partidos en la legislatura.
Al fin y al cabo, antes las coaliciones se trataban como un solo partido a efectos del reparto de escaños,
lo que producía que los partidos por sí solos no alcanzaran el cociente electoral para ganar escaños. La
hipótesis de esta investigación es que este efecto sí ocurrió, y de forma más aguda en los municipios más
pequeños, debido a sus menores magnitudes electorales. Basándose en la estadística descriptiva e inferencial,
los resultados confirman la hipótesis luego de comparar los datos electorales de 2020 en relación
con las elecciones anteriores (2016 y 2012). El número de partidos con concejalas y concejales electos, y el
número efectivo de partidos legislativos (NEPL) han disminuido. Además, el efecto es más pronunciado
en los municipios más pequeños. Esto confirma el impacto de la nueva norma en el sistema de partidos,
lo cual indica que esta tendencia también se produce a nivel nacional y estatal.
The 2020 municipal elections in Brazil were the first under the effect of the 97/2017 Constitutional Reform, which established the end of pre-electoral coalitions for legislative elections. One of the possible results of the new rule would be a reduction in the number of parties in the Legislature. After all, pre-electoral coalitions were previously treated as a party for the purpose of sharing seats, which led to parties that alone would not reach the electoral quotient to win seats. Our hypothesis is that this effect did occur and more acutely in the smaller municipalities, due to the lower electoral magnitude of these locations. Based on descriptive and inferential statistics, our results confirm the hypothesis, comparing electoral data from 2020 in relation to previous elections (2016 and 2012). There was a decline in the number of parties which elected councilors and in the effective number of parliamentary parties (ENPP). In addition, the effect is more pronounced in smaller municipalities. This confirms the impact of the new rule on the party system, indicating that this trend tends to occur also at the national and state levels.
The 2020 municipal elections in Brazil were the first under the effect of the 97/2017 Constitutional Reform, which established the end of pre-electoral coalitions for legislative elections. One of the possible results of the new rule would be a reduction in the number of parties in the Legislature. After all, pre-electoral coalitions were previously treated as a party for the purpose of sharing seats, which led to parties that alone would not reach the electoral quotient to win seats. Our hypothesis is that this effect did occur and more acutely in the smaller municipalities, due to the lower electoral magnitude of these locations. Based on descriptive and inferential statistics, our results confirm the hypothesis, comparing electoral data from 2020 in relation to previous elections (2016 and 2012). There was a decline in the number of parties which elected councilors and in the effective number of parliamentary parties (ENPP). In addition, the effect is more pronounced in smaller municipalities. This confirms the impact of the new rule on the party system, indicating that this trend tends to occur also at the national and state levels.
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SANTANA, Luciana; VASQUEZ, Vitor; SANDES-FREITAS, Vítor Eduardo Veras de. Los efectos del fin de las coaliciones electorales de Brasil en 2020. Elecciones, Lima, v. 20, n. 21, p. 77-100, jan./jul. 2021. DOI: 10.53557/Elecciones.2021.v20n21.04.
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