Fraude à cota de gênero, cassação de mulheres eleitas e teoria do impacto desproporcional : breve análise da legislação eleitoral à luz da jurisprudência
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2021
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O impacto das decisões judiciais na vida das pessoas e a necessidade de garantir
maior participação feminina na política brasileira conduziram a este estudo. Nele é analisada a
política institucional da "cota de gênero", abordando as alterações legais conducentes a fraudes,
a cassação de mulheres eleitas e a Teoria do Impacto Desproporcional, com base no art. 20,
§ 5º, da Resolução n.º 23.609/2019 do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e na jurisprudência das cortes
eleitorais e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (ADI 6338/DF). Inicialmente, se cuida, de modo
objetivo, da cota de gênero e da pequena representatividade feminina na política brasileira,
apesar de constituírem a maioria do eleitorado do País. Vê-se, também, que, apesar das garantias
constitucionais de igualdade e de medidas inclusivas, a exemplo da cota eleitoral de gênero, que
reserva o mínimo de 30% das candidaturas para cada sexo, essas medidas não têm sido eficazes
na promoção da participação feminina na política. Examinam-se, ainda, a fraude à cota de
gênero, com exemplos hipotéticos, e o caso decidido pelo Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Ceará,
que teve como consequência a cassação de eleitas, além de citar casos semelhantes julgados pela
Justiça Eleitoral, bem como a relação destes com a Teoria do Impacto Desproporcional, à luz
da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (ADI 6338/DF), do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
e com base na concomitante análise das normas eleitorais brasileiras, considerando-se que a
cassação de todos os candidatos beneficiados por fraude à cota de gênero é passível de resultar
na injusta remoção de mulheres legitimamente eleitas. Conclui-se pela necessidade de encontrar
um equilíbrio para promover a igualdade de gênero e garantir a devida efetividade às medidas
de inserção das mulheres na política brasileira, o que envolve a revisão das políticas de cotas e
da atual interpretação jurisprudencial.
The impact of judicial decisions on people's lives and the need to guarantee greater female participation in Brazilian politics led to this study. It analyzes the institutional policy of the "gender quota", addressing legal changes leading to fraud, the impeachment of elected women and the Disproportionate Impact Theory, based on art. 20, § 5º, of Resolution No. 23,609/2019 of the Superior Electoral Court and in the jurisprudence of the electoral courts and the Federal Supreme Court (ADI 6338/DF). Initially, objective attention is paid to the gender quota and the small representation of women in Brazilian politics, despite the fact that they constitute the majority of the country's electorate. It is also seen that, despite the constitutional guarantees of equality and inclusive measures, like the electoral gender quota, which reserves a minimum of 30% of candidacies for each sex, these measures have not been effective in promoting female participation in politics. The gender quota fraud is also examined, with hypothetical examples, and the case decided by the Regional Electoral Court of Ceará, which resulted in the disqualification of elected officials, in addition to citing similar cases judged by the Electoral Court, as well as the relationship between these and the Disproportionate Impact Theory, in light of the jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court (ADI 6338/DF), the Superior Electoral Court and based on the concomitant analysis of Brazilian electoral norms, considering that the disqualification of all benefited candidates for gender quota fraud is likely to result in the unfair removal of legitimately elected women. It is concluded that there is a need to find a balance to promote gender equality and guarantee the effectiveness of measures to include women in Brazilian politics, which involves reviewing quota policies and current jurisprudential interpretation.
The impact of judicial decisions on people's lives and the need to guarantee greater female participation in Brazilian politics led to this study. It analyzes the institutional policy of the "gender quota", addressing legal changes leading to fraud, the impeachment of elected women and the Disproportionate Impact Theory, based on art. 20, § 5º, of Resolution No. 23,609/2019 of the Superior Electoral Court and in the jurisprudence of the electoral courts and the Federal Supreme Court (ADI 6338/DF). Initially, objective attention is paid to the gender quota and the small representation of women in Brazilian politics, despite the fact that they constitute the majority of the country's electorate. It is also seen that, despite the constitutional guarantees of equality and inclusive measures, like the electoral gender quota, which reserves a minimum of 30% of candidacies for each sex, these measures have not been effective in promoting female participation in politics. The gender quota fraud is also examined, with hypothetical examples, and the case decided by the Regional Electoral Court of Ceará, which resulted in the disqualification of elected officials, in addition to citing similar cases judged by the Electoral Court, as well as the relationship between these and the Disproportionate Impact Theory, in light of the jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court (ADI 6338/DF), the Superior Electoral Court and based on the concomitant analysis of Brazilian electoral norms, considering that the disqualification of all benefited candidates for gender quota fraud is likely to result in the unfair removal of legitimately elected women. It is concluded that there is a need to find a balance to promote gender equality and guarantee the effectiveness of measures to include women in Brazilian politics, which involves reviewing quota policies and current jurisprudential interpretation.
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Semestral
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Referência
SILVEIRA, Michel Figueirêdo da; BRAGA, Janderson Lourenço Muniz; GONÇALVES, Flávio José Moreira. Fraude à cota de gênero, cassação de mulheres eleitas e teoria do impacto desproporcional: breve análise da legislação eleitoral à luz da jurisprudência. Suffragium - Revista do Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Ceará, Fortaleza, v. 12, n. 21, p. 46-63, jul./dez. 2021. ISSN: 2595-5756.
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