As empresas, a Câmara Federal e o SUS : um estudo sobre doações eleitorais e propostas legislativas entre 2002 e 2014
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2018
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A democracia é possivelmente um dos maiores patrimônios do Estado moderno, sendo a
forma de governo que o ocidente abraçou e adotou na maioria de seus países. Ao chegar ao século
XXI ela carrega consigo a necessidade de continuar sendo o regime mais próximo daquilo que se
convencionou chamar de "governo da maioria". O financiamento empresarial de campanha foi um
fenômeno de recente introdução no sistema político brasileiro, afinal somente a partir de 1989
retornamos a ter eleições livres e regulares no país. O elevado custo das campanhas eleitorais nos
últimos anos e as constantes notícias de corrupção envolvendo políticos com altos cargos na
administração pública e grandes empresários motivou medidas judicias. Em 2015 julgando uma
ação do Conselho Federal da OAB o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) declarou inconstitucionais
as doações feitas por empresas para candidatos ou partidos nas eleições. Os direitos sociais
alcançaram relevância com o advento da Constituição de 1988, sobretudo a saúde. A carta política
prometeu acesso gratuito, integral e universal a todos os brasileiros. O Sistema Único de Saúde
(SUS) é a política pública por concretizar esse direito, na prática ainda estamos distantes de
efetivar essa conquista. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo apresentar a forma como as empresas
que exploram a saúde participaram do processo eleitoral em três eleições (2002, 2006 e 2010)
através do financiamento eleitoral de campanha para o cargo de deputado federal e,
posteriormente como se dá a atuação dos parlamentares eleitos com doações em três legislaturas
da Câmara de Deputados (52ª, 53ª e 54ª).
The democracy is possibly one of the greatest achievements of modern State, being the form of government the west has embraced in most of its countries, it has embodied in the twentyfirst century the regime that has been called the "majority rule". The will of the majority, shaped through electoral campaigns legally funded by private corporations, is a recent phenomenon in the brazilian political system, since only after 1989 we started having free elections. However, the high cost of electoral campaigns and the constant cases of corruption involving high rank politicians and big businesspeople have motivated legal measures by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) that, in 2015, judging an action by the Federal Council of the Brazilian Bar Association (OAB), declared unconstitutional donations made by corporations to candidates or parties to fund electoral campaigns. As social rights became more relevant with the advent of the 1988 Constitution, that political chart of rights promised free, integral and universal healthcare for all brazilians through. The Unified Health System (SUS) is the public policy for realizing this right, in practice we are still far from achieving this achievement. This paper aims to present the way in which companies operating in the private health care business participated in the electoral process in three parliamentary elections (2002, 2006 and 2010) through campaign funding for federal MP's and, later on, how those MP's elected with these donations have performed their mandates in three legislatures of the Chamber of Deputies (52nd, 53rd and 54th).
The democracy is possibly one of the greatest achievements of modern State, being the form of government the west has embraced in most of its countries, it has embodied in the twentyfirst century the regime that has been called the "majority rule". The will of the majority, shaped through electoral campaigns legally funded by private corporations, is a recent phenomenon in the brazilian political system, since only after 1989 we started having free elections. However, the high cost of electoral campaigns and the constant cases of corruption involving high rank politicians and big businesspeople have motivated legal measures by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) that, in 2015, judging an action by the Federal Council of the Brazilian Bar Association (OAB), declared unconstitutional donations made by corporations to candidates or parties to fund electoral campaigns. As social rights became more relevant with the advent of the 1988 Constitution, that political chart of rights promised free, integral and universal healthcare for all brazilians through. The Unified Health System (SUS) is the public policy for realizing this right, in practice we are still far from achieving this achievement. This paper aims to present the way in which companies operating in the private health care business participated in the electoral process in three parliamentary elections (2002, 2006 and 2010) through campaign funding for federal MP's and, later on, how those MP's elected with these donations have performed their mandates in three legislatures of the Chamber of Deputies (52nd, 53rd and 54th).
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MELO, Lisâneo Macedo Moreira. As empresas, a Câmara Federal e o SUS: um estudo sobre doações eleitorais e propostas legislativas entre 2002 e 2014. 2018. 138 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito) - Universidade Católica de Petrópolis, 2018.
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