Da reflexividade do funcionamento do sistema democrático brasileiro
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2019
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Diante do desenvolvimento do controle concentrado e abstrato de
constitucionalidade das leis, é inegável o fortalecimento do papel do
STF no exercício da função legislativa. Logo, a construção da lei deixou
de ser da competência exclusiva das instâncias de proveniência eleitoral,
isto é, do Presidente da República e do Congresso Nacional; de modo
que a Corte constitucional passou a se tornar um órgão legislativo parcial
que participa concorrentemente da expressão da vontade geral. Neste
contexto, contudo, alguns consideram um regresso democrático o fato
de conferir a uma instituição cujos membros não são eleitos o poder
de anular uma lei fruto da vontade dos tidos como os representantes
do povo. Outros, ao contrário, entendem que a tutela jurisdicional dos
direitos fundamentais que o povo quis fixar no texto constitucional
representa um avanço democrático. Neste presente trabalho, portanto,
procura-se demostrar que a garantia jurisdicional da Constituição
deu ensejo a uma nova realidade democrática que não deve mais ser
interpretada de acordo com o modelo tradicional de democracia. É
assim com base no conceito de reflexividade, cunhado pelo historiador
Pierre Rosanvallon, o qual enxerga o controle de constitucionalidade
como uma forma de evidenciar o povo nas suas diferentes perspectivas
dentro de uma soberania complexa, que esta pesquisa busca analisar
este novo paradigma democrático em que convivem representação
eleitoral e Estado de Direito.
In face of the development of concentrated and abstract control of the constitutionality of laws, the strengthening of the role of the Supreme Court in the exercise of the legislative function is undeniable. Therefore, the construction of the law is no longer an exclusive competence of the electoral authorities, that is, the President of the Republic and the National Congress; so that the Constitutional Court has become a partial legislative body that participates concurrently with the expression of the general will. In this context, however, some consider a democratic return to extend to an institution whose members are not elected the power to cancel a law fruit of the will of the representatives of the people. Others, on the contrary, understand that the judicial protection of the fundamental rights that the people wanted to fix in the constitutional text represents a democratic advance. In this present work, therefore, it is demonstrated that the jurisdictional assurance of the Constitution gave rise to a new democratic reality that no longer has to be interpreted according to the traditional model of democracy. It is based on the concept of reflexivity, coined by historian Pierre Rosanvallon, who sees the control of constitutionality as a way of showing the people in their different perspectives within a complex sovereignty, that this research seeks to analyze this new democratic paradigm, in which live together electoral representation and rule of law.
In face of the development of concentrated and abstract control of the constitutionality of laws, the strengthening of the role of the Supreme Court in the exercise of the legislative function is undeniable. Therefore, the construction of the law is no longer an exclusive competence of the electoral authorities, that is, the President of the Republic and the National Congress; so that the Constitutional Court has become a partial legislative body that participates concurrently with the expression of the general will. In this context, however, some consider a democratic return to extend to an institution whose members are not elected the power to cancel a law fruit of the will of the representatives of the people. Others, on the contrary, understand that the judicial protection of the fundamental rights that the people wanted to fix in the constitutional text represents a democratic advance. In this present work, therefore, it is demonstrated that the jurisdictional assurance of the Constitution gave rise to a new democratic reality that no longer has to be interpreted according to the traditional model of democracy. It is based on the concept of reflexivity, coined by historian Pierre Rosanvallon, who sees the control of constitutionality as a way of showing the people in their different perspectives within a complex sovereignty, that this research seeks to analyze this new democratic paradigm, in which live together electoral representation and rule of law.
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Referência
MARTINS, Thomas Passos. Da reflexividade do funcionamento do sistema democrático brasileiro. Cadernos Aslegis, Brasília, n. 57, p. 205-231, 2º semestre 2019.
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