Os tetos de vidro : sub-representação feminina nas máquinas partidárias
Data
2025
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Resumo
A baixa representatividade feminina na política é um fenômeno que atinge
diversos países. No Brasil, inúmeros mecanismos foram adotados para tentar
reverter esse quadro de desigualdade, tais como cotas afirmativas e incentivos financeiros, porém, até a atualidade, esses vêm se mostrando ineficientes.
Este investigou a sub-representação feminina a partir dos denominados tetos
de vidro, encontrados na análise da organização partidária e em diferentes
estratos da política brasileira: eleitorado, filiação e direções partidárias.
Os dados brutos, que foram obtidos perante as secretarias do Tribunal Superior
Eleitoral (TSE), evidenciam que a sub-representação de mulheres começa
em estágios decisórios anteriores, localizados no interior das organizações
partidárias. O estudo evidenciou desproporção crescente da presença feminina
à medida que aumenta a importância ou o poder exercido pelo ocupante da
posição: maioria no eleitorado, menos de 50% entre os filiados, cerca de um
terço dos dirigentes estaduais, e apenas 16% dos dirigentes com cargos de
destaque nas executivas nacionais. Outra informação relevante, evidenciada
pelos dados, é que o percentual de participação de mulheres é maior no nível
local (municipal) e vai se reduzindo na proporção que ascende à posição de
poder (estadual). A pesquisa também demonstrou que os órgãos estaduais
provisórios e interventores, formados em processos totalmente fechados e
não democráticos, apresentam problema ainda maior de sub-representação
das mulheres. Ou seja, processos democráticos dentro das organizações
partidárias favorecem a participação feminina nos espaços de poder: o
número de mulheres em órgãos partidários escolhidos por eleição é maior
do que aquele que se apresenta em órgãos indicados/nomeados por instância
partidária superior. Desse modo, ao final do trabalho, foi sugerida a necessidade
de retomada do debate em relação às comissões provisórias, problema antigo
e disseminado por todos os partidos e níveis federativos e que, à luz deste
estudo, encontra mais uma importante razão para ser enfrentado.
Low female representation in politics is a phenomenon that affects several countries. In Brazil, numerous mechanisms were adopted to try to reverse this situation of inequality: affirmative quotas, financial incentives; however, these have proven to be inefficient. The present study investigated female underrepresentation based on the so-called glass ceilings, found in the analysis of party organization and in different strata of Brazilian politics: electorate, affiliation and party leadership. The raw data, which were obtained from the secretariats of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), show that the underrepresentation of women begins in previous decision-making stages, located within party organizations. The study showed a growing disproportion in the female presence as the importance or power exercised by the person occupying the position increases: majority in the electorate, less than 50% among affiliates, around a third of state leaders, and only 16% of leaders with prominent positions in national executives. Another relevant information, evidenced by the data, is that the percentage of women's participation is higher at the local (municipal) level, and is reduced as the position of power (state) rises. The research also demonstrated that provisional and intervening state bodies, formed in completely closed and undemocratic processes, present an even greater problem of underrepresentation of women. In other words, democratic processes within party organizations favor female participation in spaces of power: the number of women in party bodies chosen by election is greater than those who appear in bodies nominated/appointed by a higher party body. Thus, at the end of the work, it was suggested the need to resume the debate in relation to the provisional commissions, disseminated across all parties and federative levels.
Low female representation in politics is a phenomenon that affects several countries. In Brazil, numerous mechanisms were adopted to try to reverse this situation of inequality: affirmative quotas, financial incentives; however, these have proven to be inefficient. The present study investigated female underrepresentation based on the so-called glass ceilings, found in the analysis of party organization and in different strata of Brazilian politics: electorate, affiliation and party leadership. The raw data, which were obtained from the secretariats of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), show that the underrepresentation of women begins in previous decision-making stages, located within party organizations. The study showed a growing disproportion in the female presence as the importance or power exercised by the person occupying the position increases: majority in the electorate, less than 50% among affiliates, around a third of state leaders, and only 16% of leaders with prominent positions in national executives. Another relevant information, evidenced by the data, is that the percentage of women's participation is higher at the local (municipal) level, and is reduced as the position of power (state) rises. The research also demonstrated that provisional and intervening state bodies, formed in completely closed and undemocratic processes, present an even greater problem of underrepresentation of women. In other words, democratic processes within party organizations favor female participation in spaces of power: the number of women in party bodies chosen by election is greater than those who appear in bodies nominated/appointed by a higher party body. Thus, at the end of the work, it was suggested the need to resume the debate in relation to the provisional commissions, disseminated across all parties and federative levels.
Periodicidade
Semestral
Notas de conteúdo
Assunto(s)
Referência
ALCÂNTARA, Adriana Soares et al. Os tetos de vidro: sub-representação feminina nas máquinas partidárias. Estudos Eleitorais, Brasília, DF, v. 18, n. 1, p. 210-232, jan./jun. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57025/14145146_v18n1_alc.adr.
