O juiz de paz sob perspectiva : o início da participação político-eleitoral no Brasil e na França do oitocentos
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2012
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Nos primeiros decênios do Oitocentos iniciou-se no Brasil a construção dos princípios norteadores das formas de participação popular no Judiciário, dentre as quais se destaca o Juiz de Paz. A Carta Constitucional de 1824 assegurou as garantias básicas desse instituto e estabeleceu sua condição eletiva, contudo a regularização das suas funções e do processo eleitoral foi delegada como tarefa à Assembleia Nacional. Imbuída do pensamento liberal da época, a Elite dirigente nacional iniciou a confecção legislativa acerca do novo juiz em 1827. Além dessa Lei orgânica, outros
procedimentos legislativos foram criados no intuito de definir as bases legais desse magistrado, cuja aproximação constante com as eleições primárias tornou-se evidente ao longo do período de 1827 a 1842. No âmbito eleitoral, atribuiu-se ao Juiz de Paz a presidência da Assembleia Paroquial e, com isso, atividades concernente a organização dos pleitos municipais ficaram sob sua responsabilidade.
Não obstante a inovação institucional no Brasil, no cenário político francês esse magistrado afigurava-se realidade desde o final do Setecentos, sendo derivado das mudanças políticas ensejadas pela Revolução Francesa. Através do estudo dos textos legislativos acerca do Juiz de Paz no Brasil e na França, discutir-se-á nesta comunicação o campo formal da participação dos cidadãos na esfera eleitoral. A análise comparada com a França permitirá a compreensão das especificidades do Juiz de
Paz criado no Brasil e o caráter liberal da legislação brasileira sobre este objeto quando comparado com o modelo francês.
In the first decades of the nineteenth century in Brazil began the construction of the guiding principles of the forms of popular participation in the Judiciary, among which stands out the Judge of Peace. The Constitutional Charter of 1824 ensured the basic guarantees of the institute and has established its elective condition however, the regularization of their duties and of the electoral process has been delegated as task to the National Assembly. Imbued with the liberal thought of the time, the ruling national Elite national started writing the law about the new judge in 1827. In addition to this Organic Law, other legislative procedures have been created in order to define the legal basis of this magistrate, whose approach to the ongoing primary elections became evident over the period of 1827 to 1842. In the electional scope, it has been attributed to the Judge of the Peace the presidence of the Parochial Assembly and, therefore, activities concerning the organization of municipal pleas were under his responsibility. Despite the institutional innovation in Brazil, in the French political scene in this magistrate existed since the late eighteenth century, being derived from the political changes occasioned by the French Revolution. Through the study of legislation on the Judge of the Peace in Brazil and France, it will be discussed in this paper the formal field of citizen participation in the electoral arena. The analysis compared with France will helps to understand the specifics of the Judge of the Peace established in Brazil and the liberal character of Brazilian legislation on this subject when compared to the french model.
In the first decades of the nineteenth century in Brazil began the construction of the guiding principles of the forms of popular participation in the Judiciary, among which stands out the Judge of Peace. The Constitutional Charter of 1824 ensured the basic guarantees of the institute and has established its elective condition however, the regularization of their duties and of the electoral process has been delegated as task to the National Assembly. Imbued with the liberal thought of the time, the ruling national Elite national started writing the law about the new judge in 1827. In addition to this Organic Law, other legislative procedures have been created in order to define the legal basis of this magistrate, whose approach to the ongoing primary elections became evident over the period of 1827 to 1842. In the electional scope, it has been attributed to the Judge of the Peace the presidence of the Parochial Assembly and, therefore, activities concerning the organization of municipal pleas were under his responsibility. Despite the institutional innovation in Brazil, in the French political scene in this magistrate existed since the late eighteenth century, being derived from the political changes occasioned by the French Revolution. Through the study of legislation on the Judge of the Peace in Brazil and France, it will be discussed in this paper the formal field of citizen participation in the electoral arena. The analysis compared with France will helps to understand the specifics of the Judge of the Peace established in Brazil and the liberal character of Brazilian legislation on this subject when compared to the french model.
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MOTTA, Kátia Sausen da. O juiz de paz sob perspectiva: o início da participação político-eleitoral no Brasil e na França do oitocentos. Confluências, Niterói, v. 13, n. 1, p. 129-142, nov. 2012.
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