O advento do constitucionalismo na China
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2016
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No século XIX e no início do século XX, o constitucionalismo era uma tendência mundial,
não só na Europa e nas Américas, como também na Ásia: O Japão outorgou uma constituição
em 1889/90, a Coréia, em 1899, e a Pérsia, em 1906. O governo chinês anunciou a sua intenção
de outorgar uma constituição em 1906, mas a dinastia imperial foi forçada a abdicar em
1912 sem haver promulgado uma carta constitucional definitiva.
O presente artigo apresenta essa primeira tentativa de introdução do constitucionalismo na
China como reação a fatores internos e externos. Ao mesmo tempo que a constituição era uma
nova forma de legitimar-se internamente, ela trazia vantagens no cenário internacional. A experiência
chinesa mostra que, mesmo que superficial, ter uma forma constitucional de governo
estava a tornar-se um dos elementos definidores do Estado na ordem mundial emergente
In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the adoption of constitutionalism was a world-wide tendency, not only in Europe and in the Americas, but also in Asia: Constitutional texts were promulgated in Japan in 1889/1890, in Korea in 1899 and in Persia in 1906. The Chinese government announced its decision to implement a constitutional mode of government in 1906, but the ruling dynasty was forced to abdicate in 1912 without having promulgated a full and definitive constitutional charter. The present article presents this first attempt to introduce constitutionalism in China as a reaction to internal as well as external factors. At the same time that the constitution was a novel form of internal legitimation, it also had advantages in the international arena. The Chinese experience shows that, even if only superficial, having a constitutional form of government was becoming one of the defining elements of states in the emerging world order.
In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the adoption of constitutionalism was a world-wide tendency, not only in Europe and in the Americas, but also in Asia: Constitutional texts were promulgated in Japan in 1889/1890, in Korea in 1899 and in Persia in 1906. The Chinese government announced its decision to implement a constitutional mode of government in 1906, but the ruling dynasty was forced to abdicate in 1912 without having promulgated a full and definitive constitutional charter. The present article presents this first attempt to introduce constitutionalism in China as a reaction to internal as well as external factors. At the same time that the constitution was a novel form of internal legitimation, it also had advantages in the international arena. The Chinese experience shows that, even if only superficial, having a constitutional form of government was becoming one of the defining elements of states in the emerging world order.
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BANDEIRA, Egas Moniz. O advento do constitucionalismo na China. Revista Ballot, Rio de Janeiro, v. 2, n. 1, p. 81-94, jan./abr. 2016.
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