Sistema de governo semipresidencial
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2018
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O sistema semipresidencial desafiou os modelos parlamentares e presidenciais clássicos. Neste trabalho, argumenta-se que o sistema semipresidencial não é um sistema híbrido ou misto de governo. É um tertio genus. Maurice Duverger foi o primeiro cientista político que alcançou a visão clara de sua singularidade. Não obstante, quando ele começou a construir o novo conceito, não havia evidências claras de sua autonomia científica. Somente depois da Constituição Portuguesa de 1976 e da terceira onda de constituições semipresidenciais, Maurice Duverger obteve evidências sólidas do acerto de sua defesa do sistema semipresidencial como algo diferente dos sistemas clássicos de governo. No entanto, como se argumenta no presente trabalho, a definição duvergeriana do sistema semipresidencial deve ser revisada. Além disso, algumas outras definições populares devem ser rejeitadas por sua abrangência. Sistema semipresidencial é o sistema de controles mútuos entre três órgãos políticos com legitimidade fungível e poderes políticos efetivos, incluindo o poder parlamentar de demitir o governo.
The semipresidential system challenged the classic parliamentary and presidential models. In this work it argues that the semipresidential system is not a hybrid or a mixt system of government. It is a tertio genus. Maurice Duverger was the first political scientist that reached the clear vision of its distinctiveness. Notwithstanding, when he started to build on the new concept there was no clear evidence of its scientific autonomy. Only after the Portuguese Constitution of 1976 and the third wave of semipresidential constitutions Maurice Duverger got sound and solid evidence of the correctness of its advocacy of the semipresidential system as something different from the classical systems of government. However, as it is argued in the present work the duvergerian definition of semipresidential system must me revised. Also, some other popular definitions must be rejected for their broadness. Semipresidential system is the system of mutual checks and balances between three political bodies with fungible legitimacy and effective political powers, including the parliamentary power of dismissing the government.
The semipresidential system challenged the classic parliamentary and presidential models. In this work it argues that the semipresidential system is not a hybrid or a mixt system of government. It is a tertio genus. Maurice Duverger was the first political scientist that reached the clear vision of its distinctiveness. Notwithstanding, when he started to build on the new concept there was no clear evidence of its scientific autonomy. Only after the Portuguese Constitution of 1976 and the third wave of semipresidential constitutions Maurice Duverger got sound and solid evidence of the correctness of its advocacy of the semipresidential system as something different from the classical systems of government. However, as it is argued in the present work the duvergerian definition of semipresidential system must me revised. Also, some other popular definitions must be rejected for their broadness. Semipresidential system is the system of mutual checks and balances between three political bodies with fungible legitimacy and effective political powers, including the parliamentary power of dismissing the government.
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CANAS, Vitalino. Sistema de governo semipresidencial. Revista Populus, Salvador, n. 4, p. 187-226, jun. 2018.
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