Revisitando a questão da diplomação exclusiva do candidato a vice nos casos de morte do titular entre o dia das eleições e a data da diplomação
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2025
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Revisita a questão da diplomação exclusiva do candidato a vice-prefeito
quando o titular falece no intervalo entre o dia das eleições e a data da diplomação.
O estudo, de natureza jurídico-dogmática com viés analítico-crítico, analisa a
relação entre o resultado político das urnas e o resultado jurídico homologado
pela Justiça Eleitoral. É apresentada a posição consolidada do Tribunal Superior
Eleitoral (TSE), firmada na Consulta nº 1.204 e em acórdãos como o nº 15.069,
que permite a diplomação isolada do vice. Esse entendimento baseia-se na premissa
de que a diplomação possui efeitos meramente declaratórios, sendo os efeitos
constitutivos provenientes do resultado das urnas, e na aplicação do princípio da
simetria com regras de vacância. A análise crítica do artigo refuta essa posição.
Argumenta-se que a morte do titular antes da diplomação rompe a necessária
simetria entre o resultado político integral da chapa eleita e o resultado jurídico
que se pretende homologar. As razões pragmáticas (custos, instabilidade) e a
aplicação do princípio da simetria são consideradas inadequadas, pois as normas
constitucionais invocadas tratam de vacâncias após a diplomação regular de ambos
os eleitos, um cenário fático-jurídico distinto. A consequência inescapável da
tese defendida é a negativa de diplomação isolada do vice, tornando necessária
a realização de novas eleições. Embora gere custos, isso é visto como o preço
necessário para manter a integridade democrática e a simetria entre a vontade
popular e o resultado jurídico, essenciais para a legitimidade e credibilidade da
Justiça Eleitoral.
It revisits the issue of the exclusive certification (diplomação) of a vice mayoral candidate when the principal candidate dies between election day and the date of certification. The study, juridical-dogmatic in nature with an analytical-critical approach, examines the relationship between the political outcome at the polls and the legal result validated by the Electoral Court. It presents the consolidated position of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), established in Consultation No. 1,204 and rulings such as No. 15,069, which allow for the isolated certification of the vice candidate. This understanding is based on the premise that certification has merely declaratory effects, with the constitutive effects arising from the election results, and on the application of the principle of symmetry in rules regarding vacancies. The article's critical analysis refutes this position. It argues that the death of the principal candidate prior to certification breaks the necessary symmetry between the full political result of the elected ticket and the legal result that is intended to be validated. Pragmatic reasons (costs, instability) and the application of the principle of symmetry are deemed inadequate, as the constitutional rules invoked refer to vacancies occurring after the regular certification of both elected candidates - a fact-legal scenario that is fundamentally different. The inescapable consequence of the thesis defended is the denial of isolated certification of the vice candidate, making new elections necessary. Although this entails costs, it is viewed as the necessary price to uphold democratic integrity and the symmetry between the popular will and the legal outcome - both essential for the legitimacy and credibility of the Electoral Justice system.
It revisits the issue of the exclusive certification (diplomação) of a vice mayoral candidate when the principal candidate dies between election day and the date of certification. The study, juridical-dogmatic in nature with an analytical-critical approach, examines the relationship between the political outcome at the polls and the legal result validated by the Electoral Court. It presents the consolidated position of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), established in Consultation No. 1,204 and rulings such as No. 15,069, which allow for the isolated certification of the vice candidate. This understanding is based on the premise that certification has merely declaratory effects, with the constitutive effects arising from the election results, and on the application of the principle of symmetry in rules regarding vacancies. The article's critical analysis refutes this position. It argues that the death of the principal candidate prior to certification breaks the necessary symmetry between the full political result of the elected ticket and the legal result that is intended to be validated. Pragmatic reasons (costs, instability) and the application of the principle of symmetry are deemed inadequate, as the constitutional rules invoked refer to vacancies occurring after the regular certification of both elected candidates - a fact-legal scenario that is fundamentally different. The inescapable consequence of the thesis defended is the denial of isolated certification of the vice candidate, making new elections necessary. Although this entails costs, it is viewed as the necessary price to uphold democratic integrity and the symmetry between the popular will and the legal outcome - both essential for the legitimacy and credibility of the Electoral Justice system.
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Quadrimestral
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Referência
SIMÕES, Francisco Gonçalves. Revisitando a questão da diplomação
exclusiva do candidato a vice nos casos de
morte do titular entre o dia das eleições e
a data da diplomação. Paraná Eleitoral: revista brasileira de direito eleitoral e ciência política, Curitiba, v. 14, n. 2, p. 147-172, 2025. ISSN: 2448-3605.
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